¿Qué evaluación tienen los ciudadanos del trabajo de Andrés M. López Obrador como Presidente de la República? Oraculus da seguimiento y agrega los resultados de las principales encuestas públicas de aprobación presidencial.
Por: Javier Márquez | @JMarquezP
Debido a la contingencia sanitaria por el COVID-19, algunas empresas encuestadoras modificaron su modo de recolección de datos (de entrevistas en vivienda a entrevistas telefónicas). Por lo tanto, nuestras estimaciones de aprobación presidencial entre abril y agosto no son estrictamente comparables con las demás. Cualquier interpretación sobre cambios o continuidades en este periodo debe tomarse con cautela.
TP: Toma de posesión.
Las líneas indican estimaciones puntuales de la tendencia. Las áreas sombreadas representan regiones de alta densidad (95%) de la distribución posterior de los parámetros del modelo.
Oraculus actualiza el poll of polls cada vez que alguna de las principales encuestadoras difunde resultados sobre aprobación presidencial. Además de brindar información sobre los actuales niveles de aprobación, una nueva encuesta contribuye a mejorar las estimaciones de los meses más recientes; por lo tanto, la serie puede variar en cada actualización. La metodología se puede consultar aquí.
Modelo y programación web: Javier Márquez | @JMarquezP.
Datos: Eduardo Noriega y Pablo Reyes.
Encuestas
Presidente | Mes | Encuestadora | Aprueba | Desaprueba | (A) / (D) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AMLO | Jan 2021 | El Financiero/tel | 61 | 36 | 1.7 |
AMLO | Dec 2020 | El Financiero/tel | 62 | 34 | 1.8 |
AMLO | Dec 2020 | Varela y Asoc/tel | 60 | 34 | 1.8 |
AMLO | Dec 2020 | Consulta | 59 | 37 | 1.6 |
AMLO | Nov 2020 | GEA-ISA | 57 | 39 | 1.5 |
AMLO | Nov 2020 | El Financiero/tel | 64 | 33 | 1.9 |
AMLO | Nov 2020 | Reforma | 61 | 37 | 1.6 |
AMLO | Nov 2020 | Demotecnia/tel | 63 | 27 | 2.3 |
AMLO | Nov 2020 | Enkoll | 61 | 34 | 1.8 |
AMLO | Nov 2020 | Buendia y Laredo | 64 | 25 | 2.6 |
AMLO | Nov 2020 | Parametria | 67 | 27 | 2.5 |
AMLO | Oct 2020 | El Financiero/tel | 59 | 38 | 1.6 |
AMLO | Oct 2020 | Parametria | 67 | 28 | 2.4 |
AMLO | Sep 2020 | GEA-ISA | 45 | 47 | 1.0 |
AMLO | Sep 2020 | El Financiero/tel | 62 | 36 | 1.7 |
AMLO | Sep 2020 | Parametria | 66 | 29 | 2.3 |
AMLO | Aug 2020 | El Financiero/tel | 59 | 40 | 1.5 |
AMLO | Aug 2020 | Parametria | 65 | 31 | 2.1 |
AMLO | Aug 2020 | El País/tel | 61 | 32 | 1.9 |
AMLO | Aug 2020 | Buendia y Laredo/tel | 59 | 28 | 2.1 |
AMLO | Aug 2020 | Enkoll | 58 | 36 | 1.6 |
AMLO | Aug 2020 | Reforma | 56 | 41 | 1.4 |
AMLO | Aug 2020 | El Universal/tel | 53 | 36 | 1.5 |
AMLO | Aug 2020 | Demotecnia/tel | 60 | 26 | 2.3 |
AMLO | Jul 2020 | El Financiero/tel | 58 | 37 | 1.6 |
AMLO | Jul 2020 | Parametria/tel | 63 | 35 | 1.8 |
AMLO | Jun 2020 | BGC/tel | 58 | 40 | 1.4 |
AMLO | Jun 2020 | El País/tel | 67 | 31 | 2.2 |
AMLO | Jun 2020 | El Financiero/tel | 56 | 42 | 1.3 |
AMLO | Jun 2020 | Varela y Asoc/tel | 59 | 38 | 1.6 |
AMLO | Jun 2020 | Parametria/tel | 62 | 36 | 1.7 |
AMLO | May 2020 | El Financiero/tel | 60 | 37 | 1.6 |
AMLO | May 2020 | Buendia y Laredo/tel | 58 | 27 | 2.1 |
AMLO | May 2020 | Parametria/tel | 61 | 36 | 1.7 |
AMLO | Apr 2020 | El Financiero/tel | 68 | 29 | 2.3 |
AMLO | Apr 2020 | Parametria/tel | 59 | 37 | 1.6 |
AMLO | Mar 2020 | GEA-ISA | 47 | 46 | 1.0 |
AMLO | Mar 2020 | Parametria/tel | 54 | 42 | 1.3 |
AMLO | Mar 2020 | El Financiero/tel | 60 | 37 | 1.6 |
AMLO | Feb 2020 | Reforma | 59 | 35 | 1.7 |
AMLO | Feb 2020 | Varela y Asoc/tel | 59 | 38 | 1.6 |
AMLO | Feb 2020 | Demotecnia/tel | 62 | 29 | 2.1 |
AMLO | Feb 2020 | Buendia y Laredo | 62 | 28 | 2.2 |
AMLO | Feb 2020 | El Financiero/tel | 63 | 34 | 1.9 |
AMLO | Feb 2020 | Enkoll | 67 | 25 | 2.7 |
AMLO | Feb 2020 | Parametria | 63 | 33 | 1.9 |
AMLO | Feb 2020 | El Universal | 57 | 30 | 1.9 |
AMLO | Jan 2020 | El Financiero/tel | 71 | 28 | 2.5 |
AMLO | Jan 2020 | Parametria | 68 | 28 | 2.4 |
AMLO | Dec 2019 | El Financiero/tel | 72 | 27 | 2.7 |
AMLO | Dec 2019 | BGC/tel | 61 | 38 | 1.6 |
AMLO | Dec 2019 | Parametria | 77 | 23 | 3.3 |
AMLO | Nov 2019 | Buendia y Laredo | 67 | 23 | 2.9 |
AMLO | Nov 2019 | Enkoll | 72 | 22 | 3.3 |
AMLO | Nov 2019 | GEA-ISA | 57 | 38 | 1.5 |
AMLO | Nov 2019 | Reforma | 68 | 31 | 2.2 |
AMLO | Nov 2019 | El Financiero/tel | 68 | 31 | 2.2 |
AMLO | Nov 2019 | Demotecnia/tel | 68 | 25 | 2.7 |
AMLO | Nov 2019 | El Universal | 59 | 23 | 2.6 |
AMLO | Nov 2019 | Parametria | 75 | 21 | 3.6 |
AMLO | Nov 2019 | Varela y Asoc/tel | 63 | 33 | 1.9 |
AMLO | Oct 2019 | El Financiero/tel | 67 | 31 | 2.2 |
AMLO | Oct 2019 | Enkoll | 78 | 18 | 4.3 |
AMLO | Sep 2019 | El Financiero/tel | 68 | 30 | 2.3 |
AMLO | Sep 2019 | GEA-ISA | 61 | 30 | 2.0 |
AMLO | Sep 2019 | Demotecnia/tel | 71 | 20 | 3.5 |
AMLO | Sep 2019 | Parametria | 75 | 21 | 3.6 |
AMLO | Aug 2019 | Enkoll | 73 | 19 | 3.8 |
AMLO | Aug 2019 | Varela y Asoc/tel | 67 | 29 | 2.3 |
AMLO | Aug 2019 | El Financiero/tel | 67 | 32 | 2.1 |
AMLO | Aug 2019 | El Universal | 69 | 20 | 3.5 |
AMLO | Aug 2019 | Buendia y Laredo | 71 | 18 | 3.9 |
AMLO | Aug 2019 | Indemerc/tel | 77 | 23 | 3.3 |
AMLO | Jul 2019 | BGC/tel | 70 | 27 | 2.6 |
AMLO | Jul 2019 | El Financiero/tel | 66 | 32 | 2.1 |
AMLO | Jul 2019 | Reforma | 70 | 29 | 2.4 |
AMLO | Jul 2019 | Parametria | 78 | 18 | 4.3 |
AMLO | Jun 2019 | GEA-ISA | 66 | 27 | 2.4 |
AMLO | Jun 2019 | El Universal | 73 | 18 | 4.1 |
AMLO | Jun 2019 | El Financiero/tel | 66 | 32 | 2.1 |
AMLO | Jun 2019 | Parametria | 80 | 20 | 4.0 |
AMLO | May 2019 | Varela y Asoc/tel | 67 | 25 | 2.7 |
AMLO | May 2019 | Parametria | 75 | 20 | 3.8 |
AMLO | May 2019 | Demotecnia/tel | 70 | 21 | 3.3 |
AMLO | May 2019 | Buendia y Laredo | 72 | 15 | 4.8 |
AMLO | May 2019 | Enkoll | 70 | 23 | 3.0 |
AMLO | May 2019 | Consulta | 61 | 35 | 1.7 |
AMLO | May 2019 | Arcop | 70 | 17 | 4.1 |
AMLO | May 2019 | BGC/tel | 70 | 25 | 2.8 |
AMLO | May 2019 | El Financiero/tel | 67 | 32 | 2.1 |
AMLO | Apr 2019 | El Financiero/tel | 70 | 29 | 2.4 |
AMLO | Apr 2019 | Parametria | 83 | 15 | 5.5 |
AMLO | Mar 2019 | GEA-ISA | 64 | 25 | 2.6 |
AMLO | Mar 2019 | El Universal | 79 | 11 | 7.0 |
AMLO | Mar 2019 | Reforma | 78 | 18 | 4.3 |
AMLO | Mar 2019 | Demotecnia/tel | 80 | 14 | 5.7 |
AMLO | Mar 2019 | El Financiero/tel | 78 | 19 | 4.1 |
AMLO | Mar 2019 | Parametria | 82 | 16 | 5.1 |
AMLO | Feb 2019 | Parametria | 86 | 8 | 10.8 |
AMLO | Feb 2019 | Buendia y Laredo | 85 | 9 | 9.4 |
AMLO | Feb 2019 | Enkoll | 85 | 12 | 7.1 |
AMLO | Feb 2019 | Consulta | 67 | 28 | 2.4 |
AMLO | Feb 2019 | BGC | 82 | 16 | 5.1 |
AMLO | Feb 2019 | El Financiero/tel | 83 | 14 | 5.9 |
AMLO | Jan 2019 | Parametria | 85 | 8 | 10.6 |
AMLO | Jan 2019 | BGC/tel | 76 | 21 | 3.6 |
AMLO | Jan 2019 | El Financiero/tel | 82 | 16 | 5.1 |
AMLO | Dec 2018 | Parametria | 83 | 8 | 10.4 |
AMLO | Dec 2018 | GEA-ISA | 59 | 21 | 2.8 |
AMLO | Dec 2018 | El Financiero/tel | 77 | 19 | 4.1 |
AMLO | Nov 2018 | Parametria | 69 | 21 | 3.3 |
AMLO | Nov 2018 | Consulta | 63 | 35 | 1.8 |
AMLO | Nov 2018 | Enkoll | 71 | 26 | 2.7 |
AMLO | Nov 2018 | Reforma | 63 | 21 | 3.0 |
AMLO | Nov 2018 | El Universal | 56 | 18 | 3.2 |
AMLO | Nov 2018 | Buendia y Laredo | 78 | 19 | 4.1 |
AMLO | Oct 2018 | Enkoll | 75 | 25 | 3.0 |
AMLO | Sep 2018 | GEA-ISA | 56 | 29 | 1.9 |
AMLO | Aug 2018 | El Universal | 65 | 12 | 5.3 |
AMLO | Aug 2018 | Parametria | 71 | 12 | 5.9 |
Presidente | Mes | Encuestadora | Aprueba | Desaprueba | (A) / (D) |
Principales series regulares
Archivo histórico
Presidente | Mes | Encuestadora | Aprueba | Desaprueba | (A) / (D) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
EPN | Dec 2018 | GEA-ISA | 16 | 79 | 0.2 |
EPN | Nov 2018 | Buendia y Laredo | 27 | 71 | 0.4 |
EPN | Nov 2018 | Reforma | 28 | 68 | 0.4 |
EPN | Nov 2018 | Parametria | 23 | 75 | 0.3 |
EPN | Nov 2018 | Parametria | 22 | 74 | 0.3 |
EPN | Nov 2018 | Consulta | 24 | 74 | 0.3 |
EPN | Nov 2018 | El Financiero | 26 | 70 | 0.4 |
EPN | Nov 2018 | El Universal | 20 | 69 | 0.3 |
EPN | Oct 2018 | Parametria | 28 | 68 | 0.4 |
EPN | Sep 2018 | GEA-ISA | 20 | 74 | 0.3 |
EPN | Aug 2018 | Buendia y Laredo | 26 | 71 | 0.4 |
EPN | Aug 2018 | Parametria | 28 | 69 | 0.4 |
EPN | Aug 2018 | Consulta | 18 | 77 | 0.2 |
EPN | Aug 2018 | El Universal | 21 | 67 | 0.3 |
EPN | Jul 2018 | Reforma | 22 | 76 | 0.3 |
EPN | Jun 2018 | GEA-ISA | 19 | 76 | 0.3 |
EPN | Jun 2018 | Parametria | 26 | 70 | 0.4 |
EPN | May 2018 | Buendia y Laredo | 26 | 71 | 0.4 |
EPN | May 2018 | GEA-ISA | 16 | 78 | 0.2 |
EPN | May 2018 | Reforma | 20 | 77 | 0.3 |
EPN | May 2018 | Parametria | 26 | 70 | 0.4 |
EPN | May 2018 | Consulta | 20 | 71 | 0.3 |
EPN | Apr 2018 | GEA-ISA | 20 | 75 | 0.3 |
EPN | Apr 2018 | Reforma | 21 | 76 | 0.3 |
EPN | Apr 2018 | Parametria | 29 | 65 | 0.4 |
EPN | Mar 2018 | GEA-ISA | 22 | 76 | 0.3 |
EPN | Mar 2018 | Parametria | 29 | 65 | 0.4 |
EPN | Feb 2018 | Buendia y Laredo | 26 | 72 | 0.4 |
EPN | Feb 2018 | Reforma | 19 | 79 | 0.2 |
EPN | Feb 2018 | Parametria | 26 | 70 | 0.4 |
EPN | Feb 2018 | Consulta | 21 | 69 | 0.3 |
EPN | Jan 2018 | Buendia y Laredo | 28 | 69 | 0.4 |
EPN | Jan 2018 | Parametria | 29 | 68 | 0.4 |
EPN | Dec 2017 | Parametria | 35 | 64 | 0.5 |
EPN | Nov 2017 | Buendia y Laredo | 31 | 64 | 0.5 |
EPN | Nov 2017 | GEA-ISA | 23 | 73 | 0.3 |
EPN | Nov 2017 | Reforma | 25 | 73 | 0.3 |
EPN | Nov 2017 | Consulta | 26 | 71 | 0.4 |
EPN | Oct 2017 | Parametria | 30 | 70 | 0.4 |
EPN | Sep 2017 | GEA-ISA | 16 | 78 | 0.2 |
EPN | Sep 2017 | Parametria | 30 | 69 | 0.4 |
EPN | Aug 2017 | Buendia y Laredo | 28 | 68 | 0.4 |
EPN | Aug 2017 | Parametria | 21 | 75 | 0.3 |
EPN | Aug 2017 | Parametria | 29 | 69 | 0.4 |
EPN | Aug 2017 | Consulta | 22 | 73 | 0.3 |
EPN | Aug 2017 | BGC Telefonica | 13 | 64 | 0.2 |
EPN | Jul 2017 | Reforma | 20 | 78 | 0.3 |
EPN | Jun 2017 | GEA-ISA | 19 | 74 | 0.3 |
EPN | Jun 2017 | Parametria | 30 | 67 | 0.4 |
EPN | May 2017 | Buendia y Laredo | 25 | 69 | 0.4 |
EPN | May 2017 | Parametria | 29 | 66 | 0.4 |
EPN | May 2017 | Consulta | 19 | 76 | 0.3 |
EPN | Apr 2017 | Parametria | 22 | 73 | 0.3 |
EPN | Mar 2017 | Buendia y Laredo | 21 | 73 | 0.3 |
EPN | Mar 2017 | GEA-ISA | 19 | 77 | 0.2 |
EPN | Mar 2017 | Parametria | 21 | 79 | 0.3 |
EPN | Feb 2017 | Buendia y Laredo | 19 | 74 | 0.3 |
EPN | Feb 2017 | Consulta | 17 | 77 | 0.2 |
EPN | Jan 2017 | Reforma | 12 | 86 | 0.1 |
EPN | Jan 2017 | Parametria | 15 | 84 | 0.2 |
EPN | Jan 2017 | BGC Telefonica | 6 | 79 | 0.1 |
EPN | Dec 2016 | Parametria | 32 | 67 | 0.5 |
EPN | Dec 2016 | BGC Telefonica | 16 | 62 | 0.3 |
EPN | Nov 2016 | Buendia y Laredo | 25 | 66 | 0.4 |
EPN | Nov 2016 | GEA-ISA | 32 | 65 | 0.5 |
EPN | Nov 2016 | Reforma | 24 | 73 | 0.3 |
EPN | Nov 2016 | Consulta | 24 | 69 | 0.3 |
EPN | Oct 2016 | Parametria | 35 | 62 | 0.6 |
EPN | Oct 2016 | BGC Telefonica | 13 | 66 | 0.2 |
EPN | Sep 2016 | GEA-ISA | 26 | 69 | 0.4 |
EPN | Sep 2016 | Parametria | 29 | 70 | 0.4 |
EPN | Aug 2016 | Buendia y Laredo | 32 | 61 | 0.5 |
EPN | Aug 2016 | Reforma | 23 | 74 | 0.3 |
EPN | Aug 2016 | Parametria | 22 | 73 | 0.3 |
EPN | Aug 2016 | Consulta | 29 | 65 | 0.4 |
EPN | Aug 2016 | BGC Telefonica | 10 | 66 | 0.2 |
EPN | Jul 2016 | Parametria | 26 | 72 | 0.4 |
EPN | Jun 2016 | Buendia y Laredo | 29 | 63 | 0.5 |
EPN | Jun 2016 | GEA-ISA | 35 | 60 | 0.6 |
EPN | Jun 2016 | Parametria | 30 | 69 | 0.4 |
EPN | May 2016 | Parametria | 34 | 65 | 0.5 |
EPN | May 2016 | Consulta | 32 | 62 | 0.5 |
EPN | Apr 2016 | Reforma | 30 | 66 | 0.5 |
EPN | Apr 2016 | Parametria | 38 | 58 | 0.7 |
EPN | Apr 2016 | BGC Telefonica | 19 | 60 | 0.3 |
EPN | Mar 2016 | Buendia y Laredo | 32 | 56 | 0.6 |
EPN | Mar 2016 | GEA-ISA | 44 | 53 | 0.8 |
EPN | Mar 2016 | Parametria | 36 | 62 | 0.6 |
EPN | Feb 2016 | Parametria | 33 | 64 | 0.5 |
EPN | Feb 2016 | Consulta | 33 | 61 | 0.5 |
EPN | Jan 2016 | BGC Telefonica | 16 | 58 | 0.3 |
EPN | Dec 2015 | Reforma | 39 | 58 | 0.7 |
EPN | Dec 2015 | BGC Telefonica | 20 | 55 | 0.4 |
EPN | Nov 2015 | Buendia y Laredo | 42 | 51 | 0.8 |
EPN | Nov 2015 | GEA-ISA | 46 | 50 | 0.9 |
EPN | Nov 2015 | Parametria | 40 | 59 | 0.7 |
EPN | Nov 2015 | Consulta | 33 | 65 | 0.5 |
EPN | Oct 2015 | Parametria | 39 | 60 | 0.7 |
EPN | Oct 2015 | BGC Telefonica | 16 | 63 | 0.3 |
EPN | Sep 2015 | BGC Telefonica | 18 | 57 | 0.3 |
EPN | Aug 2015 | Buendia y Laredo | 35 | 57 | 0.6 |
EPN | Aug 2015 | GEA-ISA | 36 | 54 | 0.7 |
EPN | Aug 2015 | Parametria | 41 | 57 | 0.7 |
EPN | Aug 2015 | Consulta | 36 | 61 | 0.6 |
EPN | Aug 2015 | BGC Telefonica | 18 | 61 | 0.3 |
EPN | Jul 2015 | Reforma | 34 | 64 | 0.5 |
EPN | Jun 2015 | Parametria | 46 | 52 | 0.9 |
EPN | Jun 2015 | BGC Telefonica | 20 | 57 | 0.4 |
EPN | May 2015 | Buendia y Laredo | 40 | 53 | 0.8 |
EPN | May 2015 | GEA-ISA | 46 | 45 | 1.0 |
EPN | May 2015 | Parametria | 48 | 51 | 0.9 |
EPN | May 2015 | Consulta | 39 | 57 | 0.7 |
EPN | Apr 2015 | Parametria | 51 | 48 | 1.1 |
EPN | Apr 2015 | BGC Telefonica | 24 | 56 | 0.4 |
EPN | Mar 2015 | GEA-ISA | 44 | 47 | 0.9 |
EPN | Mar 2015 | Reforma | 39 | 57 | 0.7 |
EPN | Mar 2015 | Parametria | 39 | 58 | 0.7 |
EPN | Feb 2015 | Buendia y Laredo | 37 | 53 | 0.7 |
EPN | Feb 2015 | Parametria | 41 | 56 | 0.7 |
EPN | Feb 2015 | Consulta | 40 | 57 | 0.7 |
EPN | Feb 2015 | BGC Telefonica | 23 | 56 | 0.4 |
EPN | Jan 2015 | Parametria | 42 | 53 | 0.8 |
EPN | Jan 2015 | BGC Telefonica | 24 | 54 | 0.4 |
EPN | Dec 2014 | Parametria | 41 | 53 | 0.8 |
EPN | Dec 2014 | BGC Telefonica | 23 | 57 | 0.4 |
EPN | Nov 2014 | Buendia y Laredo | 41 | 50 | 0.8 |
EPN | Nov 2014 | GEA-ISA | 41 | 52 | 0.8 |
EPN | Nov 2014 | Reforma | 39 | 58 | 0.7 |
EPN | Nov 2014 | Parametria | 44 | 52 | 0.8 |
EPN | Nov 2014 | Consulta | 41 | 57 | 0.7 |
EPN | Oct 2014 | Parametria | 51 | 49 | 1.0 |
EPN | Oct 2014 | Consulta | 45 | 54 | 0.8 |
EPN | Sep 2014 | GEA-ISA | 45 | 49 | 0.9 |
EPN | Sep 2014 | Consulta | 46 | 53 | 0.9 |
EPN | Aug 2014 | Buendia y Laredo | 46 | 45 | 1.0 |
EPN | Aug 2014 | Parametria | 46 | 49 | 0.9 |
EPN | Aug 2014 | Consulta | 47 | 51 | 0.9 |
EPN | Aug 2014 | BGC Telefonica | 32 | 45 | 0.7 |
EPN | Jul 2014 | Reforma | 50 | 46 | 1.1 |
EPN | Jul 2014 | Consulta | 47 | 51 | 0.9 |
EPN | Jun 2014 | GEA-ISA | 39 | 55 | 0.7 |
EPN | Jun 2014 | Parametria | 52 | 45 | 1.2 |
EPN | Jun 2014 | Consulta | 49 | 49 | 1.0 |
EPN | May 2014 | Buendia y Laredo | 48 | 40 | 1.2 |
EPN | May 2014 | Consulta | 49 | 50 | 1.0 |
EPN | Apr 2014 | Parametria | 51 | 47 | 1.1 |
EPN | Apr 2014 | Consulta | 48 | 50 | 1.0 |
EPN | Mar 2014 | GEA-ISA | 37 | 52 | 0.7 |
EPN | Mar 2014 | Reforma | 48 | 48 | 1.0 |
EPN | Mar 2014 | Consulta | 47 | 52 | 0.9 |
EPN | Feb 2014 | Buendia y Laredo | 44 | 46 | 1.0 |
EPN | Feb 2014 | Parametria | 44 | 53 | 0.8 |
EPN | Feb 2014 | Consulta | 48 | 51 | 0.9 |
EPN | Jan 2014 | Consulta | 48 | 50 | 1.0 |
EPN | Jan 2014 | BGC Telefonica | 28 | 42 | 0.7 |
EPN | Dec 2013 | GEA-ISA | 43 | 50 | 0.9 |
EPN | Dec 2013 | Parametria | 53 | 45 | 1.2 |
EPN | Nov 2013 | Buendia y Laredo | 50 | 37 | 1.4 |
EPN | Nov 2013 | Reforma | 44 | 48 | 0.9 |
EPN | Nov 2013 | Consulta | 50 | 49 | 1.0 |
EPN | Nov 2013 | BGC Telefonica | 30 | 46 | 0.7 |
EPN | Oct 2013 | Parametria | 57 | 39 | 1.5 |
EPN | Oct 2013 | Consulta | 55 | 43 | 1.3 |
EPN | Sep 2013 | GEA-ISA | 50 | 43 | 1.2 |
EPN | Sep 2013 | Consulta | 56 | 41 | 1.4 |
EPN | Aug 2013 | Buendia y Laredo | 55 | 34 | 1.6 |
EPN | Aug 2013 | Parametria | 60 | 33 | 1.8 |
EPN | Aug 2013 | Consulta | 56 | 41 | 1.4 |
EPN | Jul 2013 | Reforma | 52 | 38 | 1.4 |
EPN | Jul 2013 | Consulta | 56 | 41 | 1.4 |
EPN | Jul 2013 | BGC Telefonica | 41 | 29 | 1.4 |
EPN | Jun 2013 | GEA-ISA | 45 | 46 | 1.0 |
EPN | Jun 2013 | Parametria | 62 | 32 | 1.9 |
EPN | Jun 2013 | Consulta | 56 | 40 | 1.4 |
EPN | May 2013 | Buendia y Laredo | 55 | 33 | 1.7 |
EPN | May 2013 | Consulta | 57 | 38 | 1.5 |
EPN | Mar 2013 | GEA-ISA | 55 | 33 | 1.7 |
EPN | Mar 2013 | Reforma | 50 | 30 | 1.7 |
EPN | Mar 2013 | Parametria | 61 | 26 | 2.3 |
EPN | Feb 2013 | Buendia y Laredo | 56 | 29 | 1.9 |
EPN | Feb 2013 | Consulta | 53 | 35 | 1.5 |
EPN | Jan 2013 | Parametria | 55 | 21 | 2.6 |
EPN | Jan 2013 | BGC Telefonica | 50 | 16 | 3.1 |
EPN | Dec 2012 | Consulta | 54 | 35 | 1.5 |
FCH | Nov 2012 | Consulta | 52 | 46 | 1.2 |
FCH | Nov 2012 | GEA-ISA | 43 | 54 | 0.8 |
FCH | Nov 2012 | Buendia y Laredo | 64 | 25 | 2.6 |
FCH | Nov 2012 | BGC Telefonica | 66 | 30 | 2.2 |
FCH | Oct 2012 | Consulta | 49 | 49 | 1.0 |
FCH | Oct 2012 | Parametria | 67 | 31 | 2.2 |
FCH | Oct 2012 | BGC Vivienda | 49 | 49 | 1.0 |
FCH | Oct 2012 | BGC Telefonica | 62 | 34 | 1.8 |
FCH | Sep 2012 | Consulta | 49 | 50 | 1.0 |
FCH | Sep 2012 | Parametria | 74 | 23 | 3.2 |
FCH | Sep 2012 | Reforma | 64 | 29 | 2.2 |
FCH | Sep 2012 | GEA-ISA | 57 | 39 | 1.5 |
FCH | Sep 2012 | BGC Telefonica | 66 | 29 | 2.3 |
FCH | Aug 2012 | Consulta | 45 | 52 | 0.9 |
FCH | Aug 2012 | Buendia y Laredo | 58 | 35 | 1.7 |
FCH | Aug 2012 | BGC Telefonica | 63 | 33 | 1.9 |
FCH | Jul 2012 | Consulta | 44 | 53 | 0.8 |
FCH | Jul 2012 | Parametria | 74 | 25 | 3.0 |
FCH | Jul 2012 | BGC Telefonica | 61 | 34 | 1.8 |
FCH | Jun 2012 | Consulta | 37 | 60 | 0.6 |
FCH | Jun 2012 | Parametria | 71 | 28 | 2.5 |
FCH | Jun 2012 | Parametria | 62 | 36 | 1.7 |
FCH | Jun 2012 | Parametria | 66 | 31 | 2.1 |
FCH | Jun 2012 | Parametria | 66 | 33 | 2.0 |
FCH | Jun 2012 | Buendia y Laredo | 48 | 41 | 1.2 |
FCH | Jun 2012 | BGC Telefonica | 56 | 38 | 1.5 |
FCH | May 2012 | Consulta | 46 | 52 | 0.9 |
FCH | May 2012 | Parametria | 70 | 28 | 2.5 |
FCH | May 2012 | Parametria | 65 | 32 | 2.0 |
FCH | May 2012 | Parametria | 68 | 31 | 2.2 |
FCH | May 2012 | Parametria | 65 | 34 | 1.9 |
FCH | May 2012 | GEA-ISA | 48 | 50 | 1.0 |
FCH | May 2012 | BGC Telefonica | 57 | 38 | 1.5 |
FCH | Apr 2012 | Consulta | 49 | 47 | 1.1 |
FCH | Apr 2012 | Parametria | 70 | 26 | 2.7 |
FCH | Apr 2012 | Parametria | 72 | 27 | 2.7 |
FCH | Apr 2012 | Parametria | 69 | 29 | 2.4 |
FCH | Apr 2012 | Parametria | 73 | 24 | 3.0 |
FCH | Apr 2012 | Reforma | 66 | 30 | 2.2 |
FCH | Apr 2012 | BGC Telefonica | 59 | 34 | 1.7 |
FCH | Mar 2012 | Consulta | 52 | 45 | 1.2 |
FCH | Mar 2012 | Parametria | 72 | 27 | 2.7 |
FCH | Mar 2012 | Parametria | 72 | 27 | 2.7 |
FCH | Mar 2012 | Buendia y Laredo | 53 | 33 | 1.6 |
FCH | Mar 2012 | BGC Telefonica | 62 | 32 | 1.9 |
FCH | Feb 2012 | Consulta | 52 | 45 | 1.2 |
FCH | Feb 2012 | Parametria | 69 | 30 | 2.3 |
FCH | Feb 2012 | GEA-ISA | 47 | 49 | 1.0 |
FCH | Feb 2012 | Buendia y Laredo | 58 | 29 | 2.0 |
FCH | Feb 2012 | BGC Vivienda | 62 | 35 | 1.8 |
FCH | Feb 2012 | BGC Telefonica | 62 | 32 | 1.9 |
FCH | Jan 2012 | Consulta | 50 | 47 | 1.1 |
FCH | Jan 2012 | Parametria | 71 | 27 | 2.6 |
FCH | Jan 2012 | Parametria | 66 | 32 | 2.1 |
FCH | Jan 2012 | BGC Telefonica | 61 | 34 | 1.8 |
FCH | Dec 2011 | Consulta | 51 | 47 | 1.1 |
FCH | Dec 2011 | Reforma | 64 | 29 | 2.2 |
FCH | Dec 2011 | BGC Telefonica | 64 | 31 | 2.1 |
FCH | Nov 2011 | Consulta | 53 | 45 | 1.2 |
FCH | Nov 2011 | Parametria | 66 | 33 | 2.0 |
FCH | Nov 2011 | GEA-ISA | 48 | 48 | 1.0 |
FCH | Nov 2011 | Buendia y Laredo | 59 | 26 | 2.3 |
FCH | Nov 2011 | BGC Vivienda | 56 | 40 | 1.4 |
FCH | Nov 2011 | BGC Telefonica | 62 | 32 | 1.9 |
FCH | Oct 2011 | Consulta | 51 | 48 | 1.1 |
FCH | Oct 2011 | BGC Vivienda | 61 | 37 | 1.6 |
FCH | Oct 2011 | BGC Telefonica | 61 | 34 | 1.8 |
FCH | Sep 2011 | Consulta | 53 | 45 | 1.2 |
FCH | Sep 2011 | Parametria | 67 | 31 | 2.2 |
FCH | Sep 2011 | BGC Telefonica | 66 | 30 | 2.2 |
FCH | Aug 2011 | Consulta | 50 | 48 | 1.1 |
FCH | Aug 2011 | Reforma | 63 | 29 | 2.2 |
FCH | Aug 2011 | GEA-ISA | 46 | 51 | 0.9 |
FCH | Aug 2011 | Buendia y Laredo | 53 | 32 | 1.7 |
FCH | Aug 2011 | BGC Telefonica | 62 | 33 | 1.9 |
FCH | Jul 2011 | Consulta | 53 | 45 | 1.2 |
FCH | Jul 2011 | Parametria | 70 | 27 | 2.6 |
FCH | Jul 2011 | BGC Telefonica | 60 | 35 | 1.7 |
FCH | Jun 2011 | Consulta | 50 | 47 | 1.1 |
FCH | Jun 2011 | BGC Telefonica | 57 | 37 | 1.5 |
FCH | May 2011 | Consulta | 48 | 49 | 1.0 |
FCH | May 2011 | GEA-ISA | 45 | 54 | 0.8 |
FCH | May 2011 | Buendia y Laredo | 54 | 32 | 1.7 |
FCH | May 2011 | BGC Telefonica | 56 | 38 | 1.5 |
FCH | Apr 2011 | Consulta | 49 | 49 | 1.0 |
FCH | Apr 2011 | Parametria | 64 | 34 | 1.9 |
FCH | Apr 2011 | Reforma | 59 | 32 | 1.8 |
FCH | Apr 2011 | BGC Telefonica | 56 | 39 | 1.4 |
FCH | Mar 2011 | Consulta | 49 | 48 | 1.0 |
FCH | Mar 2011 | Parametria | 63 | 36 | 1.8 |
FCH | Mar 2011 | GEA-ISA | 48 | 50 | 1.0 |
FCH | Mar 2011 | BGC Telefonica | 58 | 37 | 1.6 |
FCH | Feb 2011 | Consulta | 52 | 46 | 1.1 |
FCH | Feb 2011 | Parametria | 60 | 37 | 1.6 |
FCH | Feb 2011 | Buendia y Laredo | 52 | 32 | 1.6 |
FCH | Feb 2011 | BGC Telefonica | 57 | 38 | 1.5 |
FCH | Jan 2011 | Consulta | 54 | 44 | 1.2 |
FCH | Jan 2011 | BGC Telefonica | 57 | 37 | 1.5 |
FCH | Dec 2010 | Consulta | 53 | 44 | 1.2 |
FCH | Dec 2010 | Reforma | 59 | 33 | 1.8 |
FCH | Dec 2010 | BGC Telefonica | 60 | 36 | 1.7 |
FCH | Nov 2010 | Consulta | 54 | 43 | 1.3 |
FCH | Nov 2010 | GEA-ISA | 41 | 54 | 0.8 |
FCH | Nov 2010 | Buendia y Laredo | 55 | 34 | 1.6 |
FCH | Nov 2010 | BGC Telefonica | 57 | 39 | 1.5 |
FCH | Oct 2010 | Consulta | 53 | 44 | 1.2 |
FCH | Oct 2010 | Parametria | 59 | 38 | 1.6 |
FCH | Oct 2010 | BGC Telefonica | 59 | 36 | 1.6 |
FCH | Sep 2010 | Consulta | 54 | 43 | 1.3 |
FCH | Sep 2010 | Reforma | 55 | 37 | 1.5 |
FCH | Sep 2010 | BGC Telefonica | 62 | 33 | 1.9 |
FCH | Aug 2010 | Consulta | 55 | 42 | 1.3 |
FCH | Aug 2010 | Parametria | 72 | 27 | 2.7 |
FCH | Aug 2010 | GEA-ISA | 48 | 48 | 1.0 |
FCH | Aug 2010 | Buendia y Laredo | 58 | 32 | 1.8 |
FCH | Aug 2010 | BGC Telefonica | 57 | 38 | 1.5 |
FCH | Jul 2010 | Consulta | 53 | 43 | 1.3 |
FCH | Jul 2010 | BGC Telefonica | 55 | 38 | 1.4 |
FCH | Jun 2010 | Consulta | 53 | 43 | 1.2 |
FCH | Jun 2010 | Reforma | 58 | 34 | 1.7 |
FCH | Jun 2010 | BGC Telefonica | 56 | 39 | 1.4 |
FCH | May 2010 | Consulta | 53 | 45 | 1.2 |
FCH | May 2010 | GEA-ISA | 50 | 46 | 1.1 |
FCH | May 2010 | Buendia y Laredo | 59 | 30 | 2.0 |
FCH | May 2010 | BGC Telefonica | 56 | 39 | 1.4 |
FCH | Apr 2010 | Consulta | 55 | 42 | 1.3 |
FCH | Apr 2010 | Parametria | 67 | 30 | 2.2 |
FCH | Apr 2010 | BGC Telefonica | 56 | 39 | 1.4 |
FCH | Mar 2010 | Consulta | 56 | 42 | 1.3 |
FCH | Mar 2010 | Reforma | 57 | 34 | 1.7 |
FCH | Mar 2010 | GEA-ISA | 45 | 53 | 0.8 |
FCH | Mar 2010 | BGC Telefonica | 57 | 39 | 1.5 |
FCH | Feb 2010 | Consulta | 53 | 44 | 1.2 |
FCH | Feb 2010 | Buendia y Laredo | 56 | 33 | 1.7 |
FCH | Feb 2010 | BGC Telefonica | 57 | 38 | 1.5 |
FCH | Jan 2010 | Consulta | 52 | 46 | 1.1 |
FCH | Jan 2010 | BGC Telefonica | 55 | 40 | 1.4 |
FCH | Dec 2009 | Consulta | 55 | 42 | 1.3 |
FCH | Dec 2009 | Parametria | 60 | 35 | 1.7 |
FCH | Dec 2009 | Parametria | 71 | 26 | 2.7 |
FCH | Dec 2009 | Reforma | 52 | 39 | 1.3 |
FCH | Dec 2009 | BGC Telefonica | 60 | 35 | 1.7 |
FCH | Nov 2009 | Consulta | 57 | 40 | 1.4 |
FCH | Nov 2009 | GEA-ISA | 52 | 46 | 1.1 |
FCH | Nov 2009 | BGC Telefonica | 56 | 39 | 1.4 |
FCH | Oct 2009 | Consulta | 58 | 40 | 1.5 |
FCH | Oct 2009 | BGC Telefonica | 59 | 36 | 1.6 |
FCH | Sep 2009 | Consulta | 62 | 36 | 1.7 |
FCH | Sep 2009 | Reforma | 68 | 24 | 2.8 |
FCH | Sep 2009 | BGC Telefonica | 63 | 33 | 1.9 |
FCH | Aug 2009 | Consulta | 62 | 35 | 1.8 |
FCH | Aug 2009 | Parametria | 72 | 22 | 3.3 |
FCH | Aug 2009 | Parametria | 73 | 23 | 3.2 |
FCH | Aug 2009 | GEA-ISA | 54 | 37 | 1.5 |
FCH | Aug 2009 | Buendia y Laredo | 59 | 32 | 1.8 |
FCH | Aug 2009 | BGC Telefonica | 68 | 26 | 2.6 |
FCH | Jul 2009 | Consulta | 63 | 34 | 1.9 |
FCH | Jul 2009 | BGC Telefonica | 70 | 25 | 2.8 |
FCH | Jun 2009 | Consulta | 63 | 34 | 1.8 |
FCH | Jun 2009 | Reforma | 69 | 25 | 2.8 |
FCH | Jun 2009 | BGC Telefonica | 69 | 25 | 2.8 |
FCH | May 2009 | Consulta | 65 | 32 | 2.0 |
FCH | May 2009 | Parametria | 72 | 21 | 3.4 |
FCH | May 2009 | GEA-ISA | 52 | 40 | 1.3 |
FCH | May 2009 | Buendia y Laredo | 64 | 26 | 2.5 |
FCH | May 2009 | BGC Telefonica | 69 | 25 | 2.8 |
FCH | Apr 2009 | Consulta | 65 | 33 | 2.0 |
FCH | Apr 2009 | Parametria | 72 | 20 | 3.6 |
FCH | Apr 2009 | BGC Telefonica | 73 | 21 | 3.5 |
FCH | Mar 2009 | Consulta | 67 | 30 | 2.3 |
FCH | Mar 2009 | Parametria | 63 | 26 | 2.4 |
FCH | Mar 2009 | Reforma | 66 | 27 | 2.4 |
FCH | Mar 2009 | GEA-ISA | 54 | 38 | 1.4 |
FCH | Mar 2009 | BGC Telefonica | 68 | 26 | 2.6 |
FCH | Feb 2009 | Consulta | 66 | 32 | 2.1 |
FCH | Feb 2009 | Parametria | 76 | 24 | 3.2 |
FCH | Feb 2009 | Parametria | 64 | 29 | 2.2 |
FCH | Feb 2009 | Buendia y Laredo | 62 | 24 | 2.6 |
FCH | Feb 2009 | BGC Telefonica | 66 | 27 | 2.4 |
FCH | Jan 2009 | Consulta | 65 | 33 | 2.0 |
FCH | Jan 2009 | BGC Telefonica | 72 | 23 | 3.1 |
FCH | Dec 2008 | Consulta | 62 | 36 | 1.8 |
FCH | Dec 2008 | Reforma | 64 | 27 | 2.4 |
FCH | Dec 2008 | BGC Telefonica | 70 | 25 | 2.8 |
FCH | Nov 2008 | Consulta | 61 | 36 | 1.7 |
FCH | Nov 2008 | GEA-ISA | 58 | 36 | 1.6 |
FCH | Nov 2008 | Buendia y Laredo | 57 | 31 | 1.8 |
FCH | Nov 2008 | BGC Telefonica | 71 | 23 | 3.1 |
FCH | Oct 2008 | Consulta | 60 | 37 | 1.7 |
FCH | Oct 2008 | Parametria | 63 | 33 | 1.9 |
FCH | Oct 2008 | BGC Telefonica | 66 | 28 | 2.4 |
FCH | Sep 2008 | Consulta | 59 | 38 | 1.6 |
FCH | Sep 2008 | Parametria | 60 | 35 | 1.7 |
FCH | Sep 2008 | Reforma | 62 | 27 | 2.3 |
FCH | Sep 2008 | BGC Telefonica | 67 | 28 | 2.4 |
FCH | Aug 2008 | Consulta | 58 | 40 | 1.5 |
FCH | Aug 2008 | Parametria | 60 | 31 | 1.9 |
FCH | Aug 2008 | GEA-ISA | 59 | 36 | 1.6 |
FCH | Aug 2008 | Buendia y Laredo | 60 | 26 | 2.3 |
FCH | Aug 2008 | BGC Telefonica | 66 | 28 | 2.4 |
FCH | Jul 2008 | Consulta | 58 | 40 | 1.5 |
FCH | Jul 2008 | BGC Telefonica | 66 | 28 | 2.4 |
FCH | Jun 2008 | Consulta | 60 | 38 | 1.6 |
FCH | Jun 2008 | Parametria | 71 | 23 | 3.1 |
FCH | Jun 2008 | Reforma | 64 | 26 | 2.5 |
FCH | Jun 2008 | BGC Telefonica | 67 | 27 | 2.5 |
FCH | May 2008 | Consulta | 61 | 37 | 1.7 |
FCH | May 2008 | GEA-ISA | 66 | 29 | 2.3 |
FCH | May 2008 | Ipsos Bimsa | 62 | 25 | 2.5 |
FCH | May 2008 | BGC Telefonica | 68 | 26 | 2.6 |
FCH | Apr 2008 | Consulta | 61 | 37 | 1.7 |
FCH | Apr 2008 | Parametria | 69 | 24 | 2.9 |
FCH | Apr 2008 | BGC Telefonica | 68 | 25 | 2.7 |
FCH | Mar 2008 | Consulta | 62 | 35 | 1.8 |
FCH | Mar 2008 | Parametria | 69 | 23 | 3.0 |
FCH | Mar 2008 | Parametria | 67 | 25 | 2.7 |
FCH | Mar 2008 | Reforma | 63 | 23 | 2.7 |
FCH | Mar 2008 | BGC Telefonica | 68 | 23 | 3.0 |
FCH | Feb 2008 | Consulta | 61 | 37 | 1.7 |
FCH | Feb 2008 | Parametria | 66 | 29 | 2.3 |
FCH | Feb 2008 | Parametria | 67 | 25 | 2.7 |
FCH | Feb 2008 | GEA-ISA | 64 | 32 | 2.0 |
FCH | Feb 2008 | Ipsos Bimsa | 66 | 18 | 3.7 |
FCH | Feb 2008 | BGC Telefonica | 69 | 23 | 3.0 |
FCH | Jan 2008 | Consulta | 63 | 34 | 1.9 |
FCH | Jan 2008 | Parametria | 65 | 23 | 2.8 |
FCH | Jan 2008 | BGC Telefonica | 70 | 24 | 2.9 |
FCH | Dec 2007 | Consulta | 59 | 38 | 1.6 |
FCH | Dec 2007 | Reforma | 64 | 23 | 2.8 |
FCH | Dec 2007 | BGC Telefonica | 71 | 21 | 3.4 |
FCH | Nov 2007 | Consulta | 58 | 39 | 1.5 |
FCH | Nov 2007 | GEA-ISA | 60 | 34 | 1.8 |
FCH | Nov 2007 | Ipsos Bimsa | 57 | 33 | 1.7 |
FCH | Nov 2007 | BGC Telefonica | 70 | 22 | 3.2 |
FCH | Oct 2007 | Consulta | 58 | 39 | 1.5 |
FCH | Oct 2007 | BGC Telefonica | 63 | 29 | 2.2 |
FCH | Sep 2007 | Consulta | 63 | 34 | 1.8 |
FCH | Sep 2007 | Reforma | 65 | 20 | 3.3 |
FCH | Sep 2007 | GEA-ISA | 67 | 28 | 2.4 |
FCH | Sep 2007 | BGC Telefonica | 66 | 26 | 2.5 |
FCH | Aug 2007 | Consulta | 65 | 32 | 2.1 |
FCH | Aug 2007 | Parametria | 69 | 23 | 3.0 |
FCH | Aug 2007 | Ipsos Bimsa | 64 | 20 | 3.2 |
FCH | Aug 2007 | BGC Telefonica | 70 | 22 | 3.2 |
FCH | Jul 2007 | Consulta | 65 | 32 | 2.0 |
FCH | Jul 2007 | BGC Telefonica | 72 | 21 | 3.4 |
FCH | Jun 2007 | Consulta | 64 | 33 | 2.0 |
FCH | Jun 2007 | Parametria | 60 | 14 | 4.3 |
FCH | Jun 2007 | Reforma | 65 | 21 | 3.1 |
FCH | Jun 2007 | GEA-ISA | 69 | 23 | 3.0 |
FCH | Jun 2007 | BGC Telefonica | 73 | 19 | 3.8 |
FCH | May 2007 | Consulta | 65 | 32 | 2.1 |
FCH | May 2007 | BGC Telefonica | 73 | 19 | 3.8 |
FCH | Apr 2007 | Consulta | 62 | 33 | 1.9 |
FCH | Apr 2007 | Ipsos Bimsa | 68 | 21 | 3.2 |
FCH | Apr 2007 | BGC Telefonica | 73 | 18 | 4.1 |
FCH | Mar 2007 | Consulta | 58 | 36 | 1.6 |
FCH | Mar 2007 | Parametria | 54 | 17 | 3.2 |
FCH | Mar 2007 | Reforma | 58 | 23 | 2.5 |
FCH | Mar 2007 | GEA-ISA | 64 | 25 | 2.6 |
FCH | Mar 2007 | BGC Telefonica | 73 | 17 | 4.3 |
FCH | Feb 2007 | Consulta | 57 | 33 | 1.7 |
FCH | Feb 2007 | BGC Telefonica | 65 | 21 | 3.1 |
FCH | Jan 2007 | Consulta | 59 | 31 | 1.9 |
FCH | Jan 2007 | Parametria | 47 | 22 | 2.1 |
FCH | Jan 2007 | Ipsos Bimsa | 58 | 27 | 2.1 |
FCH | Jan 2007 | BGC Telefonica | 60 | 21 | 2.9 |
FCH | Dec 2006 | Consulta | 62 | 23 | 2.8 |
FCH | Dec 2006 | GEA-ISA | 52 | 19 | 2.7 |
FCH | Dec 2006 | BGC Telefonica | 58 | 13 | 4.5 |
FCH | Nov 2006 | Consulta | 64 | 27 | 2.4 |
VFQ | Nov 2006 | Parametria | 51 | 26 | 2.0 |
VFQ | Nov 2006 | Consulta | 58 | 40 | 1.4 |
VFQ | Nov 2006 | GEA-ISA | 63 | 30 | 2.1 |
VFQ | Nov 2006 | Reforma | 61 | 28 | 2.2 |
VFQ | Nov 2006 | Ipsos | 54 | 28 | 1.9 |
VFQ | Nov 2006 | El Universal | 67 | 30 | 2.2 |
VFQ | Oct 2006 | GEA-ISA | 58 | 37 | 1.6 |
VFQ | Sep 2006 | Parametria | 55 | 22 | 2.5 |
VFQ | Sep 2006 | Reforma | 68 | 26 | 2.6 |
VFQ | Sep 2006 | Ipsos | 60 | 21 | 2.9 |
VFQ | Aug 2006 | Consulta | 61 | 38 | 1.6 |
VFQ | Aug 2006 | GEA-ISA | 59 | 38 | 1.6 |
VFQ | Aug 2006 | El Universal | 67 | 29 | 2.3 |
VFQ | Jul 2006 | Parametria | 60 | 19 | 3.2 |
VFQ | Jul 2006 | Parametria | 60 | 23 | 2.6 |
VFQ | Jul 2006 | Parametria | 59 | 20 | 3.0 |
VFQ | Jul 2006 | GEA-ISA | 58 | 37 | 1.6 |
VFQ | Jul 2006 | Ipsos | 60 | 21 | 2.9 |
VFQ | Jun 2006 | Parametria | 60 | 19 | 3.2 |
VFQ | Jun 2006 | GEA-ISA | 61 | 35 | 1.7 |
VFQ | Jun 2006 | Reforma | 64 | 29 | 2.2 |
VFQ | Jun 2006 | Ipsos | 49 | 26 | 1.9 |
VFQ | May 2006 | Parametria | 62 | 16 | 3.9 |
VFQ | May 2006 | Consulta | 61 | 35 | 1.7 |
VFQ | May 2006 | GEA-ISA | 59 | 36 | 1.6 |
VFQ | May 2006 | Ipsos | 53 | 25 | 2.1 |
VFQ | May 2006 | El Universal | 65 | 31 | 2.1 |
VFQ | Apr 2006 | Parametria | 66 | 20 | 3.3 |
VFQ | Apr 2006 | GEA-ISA | 60 | 36 | 1.7 |
VFQ | Apr 2006 | Ipsos | 54 | 22 | 2.5 |
VFQ | Mar 2006 | Parametria | 57 | 23 | 2.5 |
VFQ | Mar 2006 | GEA-ISA | 56 | 37 | 1.5 |
VFQ | Mar 2006 | Reforma | 64 | 29 | 2.2 |
VFQ | Mar 2006 | Ipsos | 54 | 23 | 2.3 |
VFQ | Mar 2006 | El Universal | 62 | 34 | 1.8 |
VFQ | Feb 2006 | Consulta | 63 | 34 | 1.9 |
VFQ | Feb 2006 | GEA-ISA | 58 | 37 | 1.6 |
VFQ | Feb 2006 | Ipsos | 58 | 21 | 2.8 |
VFQ | Jan 2006 | Parametria | 59 | 20 | 3.0 |
VFQ | Jan 2006 | GEA-ISA | 52 | 43 | 1.2 |
VFQ | Jan 2006 | Ipsos | 57 | 23 | 2.5 |
VFQ | Jan 2006 | El Universal | 66 | 30 | 2.2 |
VFQ | Dec 2005 | Reforma | 62 | 27 | 2.3 |
VFQ | Dec 2005 | Ipsos | 57 | 22 | 2.6 |
VFQ | Nov 2005 | Parametria | 50 | 22 | 2.3 |
VFQ | Nov 2005 | Consulta | 61 | 36 | 1.7 |
VFQ | Nov 2005 | GEA-ISA | 47 | 48 | 1.0 |
VFQ | Nov 2005 | Ipsos | 59 | 21 | 2.8 |
VFQ | Nov 2005 | El Universal | 68 | 28 | 2.4 |
VFQ | Nov 2005 | Demotecnia | 55 | 39 | 1.4 |
VFQ | Sep 2005 | Reforma | 61 | 30 | 2.0 |
VFQ | Aug 2005 | Parametria | 55 | 23 | 2.4 |
VFQ | Aug 2005 | Consulta | 58 | 38 | 1.6 |
VFQ | Aug 2005 | GEA-ISA | 46 | 48 | 1.0 |
VFQ | Aug 2005 | Ipsos | 51 | 26 | 2.0 |
VFQ | Aug 2005 | El Universal | 61 | 36 | 1.7 |
VFQ | Jun 2005 | Parametria | 45 | 34 | 1.3 |
VFQ | Jun 2005 | Reforma | 56 | 34 | 1.6 |
VFQ | Jun 2005 | El Universal | 60 | 37 | 1.6 |
VFQ | May 2005 | Consulta | 53 | 44 | 1.2 |
VFQ | May 2005 | GEA-ISA | 35 | 59 | 0.6 |
VFQ | Apr 2005 | El Universal | 62 | 35 | 1.8 |
VFQ | Mar 2005 | Reforma | 59 | 29 | 2.0 |
VFQ | Mar 2005 | Ipsos | 50 | 27 | 1.9 |
VFQ | Feb 2005 | Parametria | 48 | 28 | 1.7 |
VFQ | Feb 2005 | Consulta | 62 | 36 | 1.7 |
VFQ | Feb 2005 | GEA-ISA | 45 | 48 | 0.9 |
VFQ | Feb 2005 | Ipsos | 55 | 24 | 2.3 |
VFQ | Jan 2005 | El Universal | 62 | 33 | 1.9 |
VFQ | Dec 2004 | Reforma | 57 | 32 | 1.8 |
VFQ | Nov 2004 | Parametria | 51 | 20 | 2.6 |
VFQ | Nov 2004 | Consulta | 55 | 40 | 1.4 |
VFQ | Nov 2004 | GEA-ISA | 51 | 44 | 1.2 |
VFQ | Nov 2004 | Ipsos | 52 | 25 | 2.1 |
VFQ | Nov 2004 | El Universal | 59 | 37 | 1.6 |
VFQ | Sep 2004 | Reforma | 54 | 36 | 1.5 |
VFQ | Aug 2004 | Parametria | 51 | 23 | 2.2 |
VFQ | Aug 2004 | Consulta | 51 | 45 | 1.2 |
VFQ | Aug 2004 | GEA-ISA | 45 | 49 | 0.9 |
VFQ | Aug 2004 | Ipsos | 51 | 30 | 1.7 |
VFQ | Aug 2004 | El Universal | 58 | 39 | 1.5 |
VFQ | Aug 2004 | Demotecnia | 51 | 22 | 2.3 |
VFQ | Jun 2004 | Reforma | 54 | 34 | 1.6 |
VFQ | May 2004 | Parametria | 49 | 24 | 2.0 |
VFQ | May 2004 | Consulta | 56 | 39 | 1.4 |
VFQ | May 2004 | GEA-ISA | 48 | 47 | 1.0 |
VFQ | May 2004 | Ipsos | 51 | 27 | 1.9 |
VFQ | May 2004 | El Universal | 60 | 37 | 1.6 |
VFQ | Apr 2004 | Ipsos | 53 | 32 | 1.7 |
VFQ | Apr 2004 | El Universal | 53 | 37 | 1.4 |
VFQ | Mar 2004 | Parametria | 49 | 26 | 1.9 |
VFQ | Mar 2004 | Reforma | 55 | 35 | 1.6 |
VFQ | Mar 2004 | Ipsos | 57 | 29 | 2.0 |
VFQ | Feb 2004 | Consulta | 53 | 43 | 1.2 |
VFQ | Feb 2004 | GEA-ISA | 42 | 48 | 0.9 |
VFQ | Feb 2004 | Ipsos | 52 | 27 | 1.9 |
VFQ | Feb 2004 | El Universal | 55 | 38 | 1.4 |
VFQ | Feb 2004 | Demotecnia | 48 | 30 | 1.6 |
VFQ | Dec 2003 | Reforma | 58 | 34 | 1.7 |
VFQ | Nov 2003 | Parametria | 55 | 28 | 2.0 |
VFQ | Nov 2003 | Consulta | 55 | 38 | 1.5 |
VFQ | Nov 2003 | GEA-ISA | 47 | 43 | 1.1 |
VFQ | Nov 2003 | Ipsos | 54 | 25 | 2.2 |
VFQ | Nov 2003 | El Universal | 58 | 40 | 1.5 |
VFQ | Sep 2003 | Reforma | 57 | 35 | 1.6 |
VFQ | Aug 2003 | Parametria | 60 | 24 | 2.5 |
VFQ | Aug 2003 | Consulta | 59 | 36 | 1.6 |
VFQ | Aug 2003 | GEA-ISA | 56 | 38 | 1.5 |
VFQ | Aug 2003 | El Universal | 62 | 34 | 1.8 |
VFQ | Aug 2003 | Demotecnia | 48 | 36 | 1.3 |
VFQ | Jun 2003 | Parametria | 56 | 25 | 2.2 |
VFQ | Jun 2003 | Reforma | 64 | 30 | 2.1 |
VFQ | May 2003 | Parametria | 61 | 21 | 2.9 |
VFQ | May 2003 | Consulta | 63 | 34 | 1.9 |
VFQ | May 2003 | GEA-ISA | 57 | 37 | 1.5 |
VFQ | May 2003 | El Universal | 63 | 34 | 1.9 |
VFQ | Mar 2003 | Parametria | 48 | 27 | 1.8 |
VFQ | Mar 2003 | Reforma | 58 | 32 | 1.8 |
VFQ | Feb 2003 | Consulta | 53 | 43 | 1.2 |
VFQ | Feb 2003 | GEA-ISA | 46 | 45 | 1.0 |
VFQ | Feb 2003 | El Universal | 59 | 37 | 1.6 |
VFQ | Feb 2003 | Demotecnia | 51 | 28 | 1.8 |
VFQ | Dec 2002 | Reforma | 59 | 31 | 1.9 |
VFQ | Nov 2002 | Parametria | 54 | 27 | 2.0 |
VFQ | Nov 2002 | Consulta | 54 | 43 | 1.3 |
VFQ | Nov 2002 | GEA-ISA | 49 | 45 | 1.1 |
VFQ | Nov 2002 | El Universal | 59 | 37 | 1.6 |
VFQ | Nov 2002 | Demotecnia | 51 | 40 | 1.3 |
VFQ | Oct 2002 | Parametria | 57 | 24 | 2.4 |
VFQ | Sep 2002 | Reforma | 61 | 31 | 2.0 |
VFQ | Aug 2002 | Parametria | 53 | 27 | 2.0 |
VFQ | Aug 2002 | Consulta | 56 | 38 | 1.5 |
VFQ | Aug 2002 | GEA-ISA | 58 | 39 | 1.5 |
VFQ | Aug 2002 | El Universal | 58 | 39 | 1.5 |
VFQ | Aug 2002 | Demotecnia | 51 | 39 | 1.3 |
VFQ | Jul 2002 | Parametria | 57 | 25 | 2.3 |
VFQ | Jun 2002 | Parametria | 55 | 28 | 2.0 |
VFQ | Jun 2002 | GEA-ISA | 45 | 45 | 1.0 |
VFQ | Jun 2002 | Reforma | 57 | 35 | 1.6 |
VFQ | Jun 2002 | El Universal | 49 | 30 | 1.6 |
VFQ | May 2002 | Consulta | 50 | 46 | 1.1 |
VFQ | May 2002 | Demotecnia | 46 | 45 | 1.0 |
VFQ | Mar 2002 | GEA-ISA | 39 | 52 | 0.8 |
VFQ | Mar 2002 | Reforma | 47 | 42 | 1.1 |
VFQ | Feb 2002 | Consulta | 44 | 53 | 0.8 |
VFQ | Feb 2002 | Demotecnia | 48 | 45 | 1.1 |
VFQ | Dec 2001 | Reforma | 61 | 29 | 2.1 |
VFQ | Nov 2001 | Consulta | 59 | 38 | 1.6 |
VFQ | Nov 2001 | GEA-ISA | 57 | 35 | 1.6 |
VFQ | Nov 2001 | Demotecnia | 59 | 32 | 1.8 |
VFQ | Aug 2001 | Consulta | 61 | 32 | 1.9 |
VFQ | Aug 2001 | GEA-ISA | 59 | 32 | 1.8 |
VFQ | Aug 2001 | Reforma | 64 | 25 | 2.6 |
VFQ | Aug 2001 | Demotecnia | 37 | 25 | 1.5 |
VFQ | May 2001 | Consulta | 62 | 30 | 2.1 |
VFQ | May 2001 | Reforma | 65 | 24 | 2.7 |
VFQ | May 2001 | Demotecnia | 63 | 24 | 2.6 |
VFQ | Mar 2001 | GEA-ISA | 73 | 17 | 4.3 |
VFQ | Feb 2001 | Consulta | 69 | 23 | 3.0 |
VFQ | Feb 2001 | Reforma | 70 | 11 | 6.4 |
VFQ | Feb 2001 | Demotecnia | 71 | 18 | 3.9 |
VFQ | Jan 2001 | GEA-ISA | 72 | 13 | 5.5 |
VFQ | Nov 2000 | Consulta | 69 | 23 | 3.0 |
EZPL | Nov 2000 | Reforma | 69 | 21 | 3.3 |
EZPL | Nov 2000 | Presidencia | 66 | 29 | 2.3 |
EZPL | Sep 2000 | Reforma | 69 | 22 | 3.1 |
EZPL | Jun 2000 | Presidencia | 59 | 37 | 1.6 |
EZPL | Jun 2000 | Presidencia | 54 | 41 | 1.3 |
EZPL | Jun 2000 | Reforma | 67 | 25 | 2.7 |
EZPL | May 2000 | Presidencia | 59 | 38 | 1.6 |
EZPL | Mar 2000 | Reforma | 69 | 25 | 2.8 |
EZPL | Feb 2000 | Presidencia | 21 | 40 | 0.5 |
EZPL | Dec 1999 | Presidencia | 71 | 23 | 3.1 |
EZPL | Dec 1999 | Reforma | 67 | 26 | 2.6 |
EZPL | Nov 1999 | Presidencia | 53 | 35 | 1.5 |
EZPL | Oct 1999 | Presidencia | 73 | 22 | 3.3 |
EZPL | Sep 1999 | Presidencia | 54 | 41 | 1.3 |
EZPL | Sep 1999 | Reforma | 66 | 27 | 2.4 |
EZPL | Jul 1999 | Presidencia | 70 | 24 | 3.0 |
EZPL | Jun 1999 | Reforma | 61 | 31 | 2.0 |
EZPL | Mar 1999 | Reforma | 65 | 26 | 2.5 |
EZPL | Jan 1999 | Presidencia | 51 | 40 | 1.3 |
EZPL | Dec 1998 | Reforma | 61 | 28 | 2.2 |
EZPL | Sep 1998 | Reforma | 51 | 38 | 1.3 |
EZPL | Jul 1998 | Presidencia | 64 | 30 | 2.1 |
EZPL | Jun 1998 | Reforma | 54 | 34 | 1.6 |
EZPL | Mar 1998 | Reforma | 59 | 32 | 1.8 |
EZPL | Dec 1997 | Reforma | 60 | 32 | 1.9 |
EZPL | Sep 1997 | Presidencia | 56 | 42 | 1.4 |
EZPL | Sep 1997 | Reforma | 59 | 32 | 1.8 |
EZPL | Jul 1997 | Presidencia | 60 | 36 | 1.7 |
EZPL | Jun 1997 | Reforma | 52 | 37 | 1.4 |
EZPL | May 1997 | Presidencia | 48 | 41 | 1.2 |
EZPL | Apr 1997 | Presidencia | 58 | 37 | 1.6 |
EZPL | Mar 1997 | Reforma | 54 | 39 | 1.4 |
EZPL | Dec 1996 | Reforma | 45 | 42 | 1.1 |
EZPL | Nov 1996 | Presidencia | 56 | 39 | 1.4 |
EZPL | Oct 1996 | Presidencia | 52 | 45 | 1.2 |
EZPL | Sep 1996 | Presidencia | 46 | 44 | 1.1 |
EZPL | Sep 1996 | Presidencia | 46 | 49 | 0.9 |
EZPL | Sep 1996 | Reforma | 46 | 46 | 1.0 |
EZPL | Jul 1996 | Presidencia | 43 | 49 | 0.9 |
EZPL | Jun 1996 | Reforma | 35 | 57 | 0.6 |
EZPL | May 1996 | Presidencia | 34 | 63 | 0.5 |
EZPL | Mar 1996 | Presidencia | 28 | 67 | 0.4 |
EZPL | Mar 1996 | Reforma | 41 | 48 | 0.9 |
EZPL | Feb 1996 | Presidencia | 60 | 32 | 1.9 |
EZPL | Dec 1995 | Reforma | 31 | 60 | 0.5 |
EZPL | Nov 1995 | Presidencia | 43 | 57 | 0.8 |
EZPL | Nov 1995 | Presidencia | 44 | 51 | 0.9 |
EZPL | Sep 1995 | Reforma | 34 | 56 | 0.6 |
EZPL | Jul 1995 | Presidencia | 33 | 56 | 0.6 |
EZPL | Jun 1995 | Reforma | 31 | 61 | 0.5 |
EZPL | Mar 1995 | Presidencia | 35 | 52 | 0.7 |
EZPL | Mar 1995 | Reforma | 53 | 34 | 1.6 |
EZPL | Feb 1995 | Presidencia | 42 | 38 | 1.1 |
Presidente | Mes | Encuestadora | Aprueba | Desaprueba | (A) / (D) |
Metodología
Nuestro método de agregación de encuestas consiste en un modelo bayesiano multinomial de espacio de estados para series de tiempo. Sea \(p_{ij}\) un vector con las proporciones de respuestas de la encuesta \(i\) a cada categoría de la pregunta de aprobación presidencial \(j=\{Aprueba,\;Desaprueba,\;Otro\}\). Denotamos a \(n_{i}^{*}=\frac{n_{i}}{deff}\) el tamaño efectivo de muestra, donde \(deff=1.7\) es una aproximación conservadora del efecto de diseño. Entonces, \(y_{ij}=p_{ij}n_{i}^{*}\) es un vector de conteos que proviene de una distribución de probabilidad multinomial:
\(y_{ij}\sim Multinomial\left(\pi_{ij},n_{i}^{*}\right)
\)
cuyo parámetro \(\pi_{ij}\) es la probabilidad de que un entrevistado manifieste su preferencia hacia cada una de las categorías de respuesta. Con el propósito de modelar la sobredispersión que se observa en los resultados de las encuestas, asumimos que \(\pi_{ij}\) proviene de una distribución Dirichlet:
\(\pi\sim Dirichlet\left(\alpha,\eta_{ij}\right)
\)
con parámetro de dispersión \(\alpha\) y componente sistemático
\(
\eta_{ij}=\frac{exp\left(\theta_{t[i]j}+\delta_{k[i]j}\right)}{\sum_{j=1}^{J}exp\left(\theta_{t[i]j}+\delta_{k[i]j}\right)}
\),
fijando \(\eta_{i3}=0\) para identificación del modelo. Así, la probabilidad de aprobar/desaprobar el trabajo del presidente en la encuesta \(i\) depende (1) de la aprobación latente en la población \(\theta_{tj}\) en el periodo de tiempo \(t=1\ldots T\) en que se levantó la encuesta, (2) del «efecto de casa» \(\delta_{kj}\) de la empresa \(k=1\ldots K\) que la realizó, y (3) de errores no-muestrales de la industria que no son capturados por el efecto de diseño. El modelo de transición consiste en un nivel local:
\(\begin{bmatrix}
\theta_{t[i],1}\\
\theta_{t[i],2}
\end{bmatrix}\sim N\left(
\begin{bmatrix}
\theta_{t-1,1}\\
\theta_{t-1,2}
\end{bmatrix},\sum\right)
\)
donde \(\sum\) es una matriz de varianza-covarianza.
El modelo fue programado en JAGS. Los parámetros fueron estimados con simulación bayesiana (MCMC) a través de un muestreo de Gibbs. Las distribuciones a priori son:
\(
\alpha=\exp\left(a\right),a\sim Unif\left(0,10\right)
\)
\(
\theta_{1,j}\sim N\left(\left[\begin{array}{c}
0\\
0
\end{array}\right],\left[\begin{array}{cc}
0 & 10\\
10 & 0
\end{array}\right]\right)
\)
\(
\sum^{-1}\sim Wishart\left(R,p=3\right),R=I\times0.5p
\)
Para agilizar la convergencia del muestreo de Gibbs se utilizó una reparameterización redundante de los efectos de casa:
\(\delta_{k,j}\sim N\left(\left[\begin{array}{c}
0\\
0
\end{array}\right],\left[\begin{array}{cc}
0 & 10\\
10 & 0
\end{array}\right]\right)
\)
y transformados en:
\(\delta_{kj}^{*}=\delta_{kj}-\frac{1}{K}\sum_{k=1}^{K}\delta_{kj}
\)
El cálculo de la media en la ecuación anterior es robusto, de modo que los efectos de casa más extremos fueron excluidos y pueden tomar cualquier valor. En cambio, la suma de los efectos de casa de las demás empresas suman cero. Las gráficas muestran la aprobación latente neta de efectos de casa, la cual se obtiene con la transformación logística inversa:
\(\frac{exp\left(\theta_{tj}^{*}\right)}{\sum exp\left(\theta_{tj}^{*}\right)},\theta_{tJ}=0
\)